Isolated ten-eleven translocation 2 positive in triple negative essential thrombocythemia: Case report and literature review

Abstract

Essential thrombocythemia is one of the famous diseases under the category of myeloproliferative disorder. It is an end result of a genetic mutation of one or more of the most frequent oncogenes such as Janos kinase 2 (JAK2), MPL proto-oncogene, thrombopoietin receptor (MPL), and calreticulin (CALR). However, negative genetic markers, so-called (triple negative disease), can happen in the presence of other uncommon types of mutation. TET2 (ten-eleven translocation 2) positive as isolated genetic marker in triple negative essential thrombocythemia is uncommon genetic presentation. For that, we are reporting a 22-year-old lady who presented with a feature of dyspepsia and accidentally found to have persistently high platelet count, even after treating her mild iron deficiency anemia with no other secondary causes. Further investigations and bone marrow biopsy supported the diagnosis of isolated TET2 positive in triple negative essential thrombocythemia. We treated her conservatively with good hydration and low dose of aspirin. In conclusion, isolated TET2 positive in triple negative essential thrombocythemia at presentation is uncommon with no clear management or risk stratification guideline. However, it is hypothesized that TET2 mutation precedes JAK2; therefore, the detection of isolated TET2 in a triple negative essential thrombocythemia case should be closely followed for clonal evolution in long term. Further study and guidelines required in this area.