Legal challenges in the implementation of Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (nZEB) in Spain

Abstract

Construction activities that include renovation work and energy retrofits add almost twice as much value as the construction of new buildings, and Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) contribute more than 70% of the value added in the EU building sector. This article analyses the legislation associated to Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (nZEB) in Spain in order to identify the factors that will leverage their massive implementation. The paper is organized in three main sections: first one, it describes the geographical and social context of nZEB in Spain, then legislative requirements and policies are analysed; and finally, it identifies the training market penetration for nZEB.