Conditional restricted Boltzmann machine as a generative model for body-worn sensor signals

Abstract

Sensor-based human activity classification requires time and frequency domain feature extraction techniques. The set of choice in time and frequency domain features may have a significant impact on the overall classification accuracy. Another problem is to train deep learning models with sufficient dataset. The use of generative models eliminates the requirement of choosing certain features of the signal. As a generative model, restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) is an energy-based probabilistic graphical model which factorises the probability distribution of a random variable over a binary probability distribution. Conditional restricted Boltzmann machines (CRBMs) is an extension to RBM, which can capture temporal information in time-series signals and can be deployed as a generative model in classification. In this study, the authors show how CRBMs can be trained to learn signal features. They present four generative model training results, RBM, CRBM, generative adversarial network, Wasserstein generative adversarial network – gradient penalty and compare the models' performances with a performance criterion. They show that the CRBM model can generate signals closest to true signals with a significantly higher success rate as compared to other presented generative models. They present a statistical analysis of the findings and show that the findings significantly hold.