Hidrogeoquímica de salinas Zapotitlán y los lagos-cráter alchichica y Atexcac, Puebla

Abstract

In this study we carried on the experimental evaporation of brines from two saline crater-lakes: Alchichica and Atexcac, in the Basin of the Oriental, Puebla, and from a saline spring, Salinas Chiquitas, Zapotitlán, Puebla, thus documenting patterns of evolution to higher stages of concentration of solutions. In addition 214 low concentration waters were considered which flow in the basins of Puebla, Tlaxcala and Veracruz, to know and compare the hydrogeochemical composition of the solutions analyzed from different geographical areas of Mexico. The experiment of evaporation was carried out under isothermal conditions at 50 °C until complete drying of the system, during this process brine samples were collected in which their anions and cations contents were analyzed, as well as in low water concentration. The three brines are similar in chemical characteristics, they present Na-Cl type solutions, with significant variations in the content of SiO2 and HCO3; meanwhile low concentration waters are HCO3-Ca type solutions. The geochemical developmental pathways that low concentration waters have are mostly first carbonated and second calcium. Meanwhile the brines of the crater-lakes and the saline spring of Zapotitlán present the direct sulfated route.