Newborn Hearing Screening in Québec, Canada

Abstract

Purpose: This study discusses the history and current state of the newborn hearing screening program in Québec and aims to assess general challenges associated with establishing universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) programs. Method: We reviewed the statistics of the occurrence and long-term effects of congenital hearing loss and the immediate and long-term benefits of UNHS and its limitations. The resources for this study included financial reports related to establishing UNHS in different health care systems; Canadian provincial, territorial, and federal regulations and publications; local and nationwide media; and interviews health care staff and program managers. Results: Because of its benefits and its cost-effectiveness, UNHS programs have been implemented in many health care systems around the world. Despite Canada’s success in offering a wide array of health care services to its citizens, certain provinces trail behind others in developing UNHS programs. Although there have been recent improvements in the screening rate of the province of Québec, nearly half of all Québec newborns continue to not be screened for hearing loss. The reasons for the current low screening rate include delays in implementation, information-technology complications, operating costs, and lack of public awareness. Conclusions: For UNHS to be implemented in a timely fashion, those involved in the process should first understand what challenges may arise. Québec’s experience with this process may provide useful lessons for other health care systems.