Fluoride content, cost and labelling of commercially available toothpastes in Malaysia

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to document the ingredients of toothpastes that are available in Malaysia and to explore the cost, manufacturers' recommendations for toothpaste use and their labelling practices. Commercially available toothpastes were identified from online and offline (over-the-counter) markets. An online search was conducted through major online shopping websites in Malaysia. For the offline market, selected major pharmacies, supermarkets, family marts and traditional medicine stores in the Klang Valley area were visited. Relevant information (i.e. the type of fluoride, fluoride concentration, type of abrasive agent, price per item and recommendation for use) on the toothpaste packaging were recorded. Data were analysed descriptively using Microsoft Excel and SPSS. A total of 176 brands of toothpaste were identified in this survey. About 74.57% and 25.43% were indicated for adults and children use respectively. Among these, 47.98% were labelled as fluoridated toothpaste and 50.29% were labelled as non-fluoridated toothpaste. Different units of labelling were used to indicate the presence of fluoride and its concentration. Generally, common abrasive agents used were silica, phosphates and carbonates. The cost of toothpaste per 10g ranged from RM0.10 to RM9.50, with mean of RM1.90 (SD 1.93). Manufacturers' recommendation of toothpaste use varied with a small proportion following evidence-based recommendations. In conclusion, there were a large variety of toothpastes available in Malaysia. The cost of toothpaste varied greatly across brands. There was a lack of standardisation regarding labelling practices and recommendations of use by the manufactures, which may place the consumers and dental health professionals at a disadvantage.