Oxygen and carbon isotope analysis of human tooth enamel from the new kingdom site of tombos in Nubia

Abstract

This study examines the feasibility of using oxygen isotope analysis of tooth carbonate to identify immigrants from the New Kingdom site of Tombos in Nubia (n = 30). In comparison with published data, the results (δ18Oca,VSMOW = 31.4‰) imply a substantial presence of immigrants. However, further analysis of these data strongly suggests the need to consider hydrological and cultural factors such as the contribution of aquifer waters to the Nile, use of groundwater sources, and differences in handling and storage of water. The carbon isotope analysis, in conjunction with published 87Sr/86Sr data, provides additional support for the presence of immigrants at Tombos. © University of Oxford, 2009.