Validation of the Spanish Compulsive Exercise Test Version in Male University Students: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis and invariance study

Abstract

Men are more vulnerable to engaging in pathological behaviors related to physical exercise. Compulsive Exercise Test (CET) is one of the most used measures of pathological exercise. However, there are some inconsistencies regarding their psychometric properties, especially in male samples. The aim was to psychometrically evaluate the Spanish version of the CET in a representative sample of Spanish males. A total 750 male university students answered to the CET together with the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory Revised, Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory and International Physical Activity Questionnaire. To assess the internal structure, two models of the CET were tested by confirmatory factor analysis. Measurement invariance by competitive level, internal consistency, convergent and concurrent validity was also studied. Results did not replicate the original five-factor. In contrast, the three-factor solution was supported, as well as the measurement invariance. Convergent and concurrent validity was confirmed by correlations with muscle dysmorphia symptomatology, obsessiveness, and vigorous physical activity. Adequate levels of internal consistency were shown for the scale. The Spanish CET is a reliable and valid instrument although further research is required addressing specific problematic cognitions and behaviors related to compulsive exercise, which affects mainly males.