Seasonal Alterations in Oxidative Stress Biomarkers of Freshwater Snails: Bellamya bengalensis and Lymnaea acuminata from Malangaon Reservoir of Dhule District, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Objectives: Two freshwater snails Bellamya bengalensis and Lymnaea acuminata from Malangaon reservoir of Dhule district (Maharashtra, India) were examined to study biomarkers of oxidative stress with the investigation of antioxidant enzyme activities. Methods: The experimental snail species were collected seasonally and acclimatized in the laboratory. Their digestive glands were used to study the activities of oxidative biomarker enzymes like Lipid PerOxidation (LPO), Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH), SuperOxide Dismutase (SOD), CATalase (CAT) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx). All investigations were carried out on double beam spectrophotometer (Elico BL 200). Findings: It was observed that, LPO level in B. bengalensis was 0.63, 0.55and 0.60(nmol of MDA formed/mg protein) while in L.acuminata 0.74, 0.67 and 0.70 respectively in summer, monsoon and winter seasons. GST activity was 23.41,15.73 and 19.61 in B. engalensis while 26.29, 18.34 and 22.29 in L.acuminata. Level of GSH was 0.083, 0.117and 0.094 (μM/g wet tissue) in B. bengalensis while in L.acuminata it was 0.018, 0.056 and 0.026 (μM/g wet tissue) in three seasons. The level of SOD was 20.87, 24.83 and 23.33 (U/mg of protein) in B. bengalensis while in L. acuminata it was 18.32, 22.35 and 20.73 in three seasons. Level of CAT was 9.23, 13.20, and 11.56 (U/mg of protein) in B. bengalensis while in L.acuminata it was 7.02, 10.53 and 8.86 (U/mg of protein) respectively during three seasons. GPx movement was 6.57, 8.50 and 7.48 (mg of GSH utilized/min/mg protein) in B. bengalensis. It was 5.05, 8.07 and 7.04 (mg of GSH utilized/min/mg protein) in L.acuminata respectively in three seasons. The obtained data also showed the lowest levels of LPO and activities of GST and uppermost doings of SOD, CAT, and GPx and uppermost heights of GSH in two snail types in rainy period than summer and winter period. This designates that in summer, the snails were under more conservation stress than winter and rainy periods. Application: It was decided that changes in antioxidant enzymes and LPO and GST activity can be used as tool in ecological nursing packages.