Evaluating Changes in Land Use Land Cover using Remote Sensing Satellite Data and GIS (A Case Study in Patna Municipal Corporation Area) Patna, Bihar

Abstract

Evaluation of land use land cover (LULC) change is an essential aspect of development in rural and urban sectors. This paper investigates the changes in LULC aspects of an environmentally vulnerable Patna Municipal Corporation (PMC) area in the middle-Ganga Plain, India. We offer Remote Sensing (RS), and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques delineated LULC types include water bodies, agriculture land, fallow land, wasteland, built-up land and vegetation of the study area. LULC mapping of the study area was done through False Color Composite (FCC) Satellite image Resourcesat-1 (IRS P6 LISS-IV) and Resourcesat 2A (IRS-R2A LISS-IV) with 5.8-meter spatial resolution data of the year 2007 and 2018 respectively. The supervised classification and maximum likelihood equation were used to classified two multi-temporal images. Then temporal changes were detected by comparison between two LULC classified maps of 2007 and 2018, which was produced independently. Patna Municipal Corporation (PMC) area, Patna is one of the environmentally vulnerable areas under the threat of environmental and ecological degradation as a result of human activities due to improper land cover management. The main objective of using change detection is an important technique to detect changes in LULC over time in PMC, Patna between 2007-2018, and it is significant for updating land cover or natural resource management. The interpretation of this study has substantial changes in LULC occurred in the Patna Municipal Corporation (PMC) area, Patna within the period 2007-2018, related to urbanisation and economic development. The analysis outcome indicates the most remarkable changes occurred an increase in Built-up, (+) 21.86 % between 2007-2018, whereas the area of cropland and vegetation decreased (-) 8.95 % and (-) 5.8% respectively between 2007-2018. In the spatial distribution pattern, other changes have also occurred. This study will give the benefit in future action plans in land use and urban development and avoid LULC changes without proper planning. It will be most significant for the natural environment.