Substantiation of hemp seeds storage and processing technologies for functional, dietary and specialty products. Review

Abstract

Introduction. Analytical researches of the composition and quality of hemp seeds, their storage and processing methods and technologies for the production of functional, dietary and specialty products are presented. Materials and methods. The subjects of research are aspects of the composition of industrial hemp seeds and its storing; peculiarities of production of hemp food products (oil, kernel, flour et al.); aspects of using hemp seeds and its derivative products. Research methods are the analysis of scientific works. Results and discussion. Hemp seeds contain more than 30% of oil and about 25% of protein, a variety of minerals (Ca, Mg, P, K, S, Fe, Zn, etc.), dietary fiber and biologically active substances. The component composition and biological value of hemp seeds depend upon the region and growing conditions. Sustainable storage conditions are seeds moisture content of 8–11%, temperature of 14–18 °C and relative humidity of 50–55%. Products derived from processing of hemp seeds are oil, kernel, flour and protein concentrate. Oil is mainly extracted from seeds by mechanical pressing. Hemp oil contains fatty acids such as linoleic, linolenic and γ-linolenic acids, with the latter promoting the formation of γ-globulin, which has an important function in the human immune system. Hemp oil tocopherols act as antioxidants in alimentary, dietary and specialty products. Seed shelling machine did the hemp seeds de-hulling. The resulting product is rich in essential amino acids. Flour, fiber and protein concentrate are produced from hemp cake. Publications deal superficially with the relationship between the factors of material preparation, production process variables of hemp products, storage conditions and time in terms of the content of functional and biologically active components. Utilization of hemp seeds and their derivatives enhances the biological and nutritional value, functional and sensory properties of foods. Further research on the use of drugs to regulate the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of functional, dietary and specialty products is of paramount importance. Conclusion. The article substantiates the relevancy of using the presented theoretical, scientific and practical insights in integrated solutions for the processing of environmentally sound industrial and medical hemp seeds.