Clay soil chronic kidney failure in Vidharbha region of Maharashtra state

Abstract

India is an agriculture country. Farming is main occupation of 70% of Indian population staying at villages. Chronic kidney disease in farmers and villagers remains a mystery. Yearly income depends upon the yield of crops. To increase the yield farmers sprayed excessive toxic lead and copper containing pesticides and cadmium contaminated phosphate manures. Exposure to low environmental cadmium and lead may enhance the progressive kidney disease [1]. Routine used pesticides including organophosphate, organochlorine, carbomate and pyrenthroid insecticides and triazine , chlorophenoxyl and herbicides known to cause kidney damage depends upon dose and duration of exposure [2]. In the year 2010 we reported 23 deaths due to CKD and 18 cases of impending CKD due to contamination of drinking water with lead, copper and cadmium from clay soil region of Maharashtra [3]. This is tip of iceberg of CKD due to heavy metals. High incidence of CKD in this clay soil called salty land region. Villagers felt that there is no cure of CKD, only transient improvement by recurrent dialysis. Because of expensive treatment many families are deserted, sold out there piece of land, ornaments and in