Glucose oversupply increases Δ9-desaturase expression and its metabolites in rat skeletal muscle

Abstract

Aim/hypothesis. Previous studies have shown that prolonged glucose infusion causes insulin resistance and triglyceride accumulation in rat skeletal muscle. In this study, we investigated a possible relationship between insulin resistance and the composition of different accumulated lipid fractions in rat skeletal muscle. Methods. Continuous glucose infusion was carried out in rats for 7 days. Lipids were extracted from skeletal muscle, separated by thin layer chromatography and fatty acid composition of phospholipids, triglycerides, diglycerides, free fatty acids and cholesterol esters fractions was analysed by gas chromatography. Δ9-Desaturase mRNA was measured by real time polymerase chain reaction. The enzyme activity was measured in the microsomal fractions. Results. Prolonged glucose infusion (5 days) increased the relative content of palmitoleic acid (16:1 N7) several-fold (2.3- to 5.8-fold) in four out of five lipid fractions and enhanced oleic acid (18:1 N9) two-fold in three lipid fractions suggesting increased Δ9-desaturase activity while the content of several polyunsaturated fatty acids was reduced. In parallel, Δ-Desaturase mRNA contents and enzyme activities in skeletal muscle were increased 10-fold, 75-fold, 2.6-fold and 7.7-fold after 2 and 5 days of glucose infusion, respectively. Conclusion/interpretation. Our results suggest that long-term glucose oversupply induces a rapid increase in Δ-desaturase expression and enzyme activity in skeletal muscle which leads to fast and specific changes in fatty acid metabolism possibly contributing to the insulin resistance in this animal model.