The Efficiency of AuNPs in Cancer Cell Targeting Compared to Other Nanomedicine Technologies Using Fuzzy PROMETHEE

Abstract

Cancer is a disease with rare, diverse symptoms, causing abnormal cell growth in an uncontrolled way, leading to cell damage, apoptosis, and eventually death of the patient. This study uses the Fuzzy PROMETHEE technique to develop a new path for cancer treatment based on nanoparticles (NPs) applications, used in controlled anticancer drug delivery (drug release, toxicity, and unspecific site targeting) to enhance patient safety. The different nanoparticles employed in the drug delivery analysis are gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), liposomes, dendrimers, polymeric micelles (PMs), and quantum dots (QDs). Fuzzy predictable preference organization mode and evaluation multicriteria choice were used as tactics in making the best decision using the data from the factors of cost, size, shape, surface charge, ligand type, pH and temperature stimuli, biocompatibility, accumulation ratio, toxicity, specificity, stability, efficacy, adverse effect, and safety factor of the NPs. The results obtained from the total net flow of the visual PROMETHEE scenario for anticancer drug delivery, based on NPs data analysis, show that AuNPs are ranked the highest among the other NPs. The Phi values obtained for the NPs are as follows: AuNPs (0.1428), PMs (0.0280), QDs (-0.0467), dendrimers (-0.0593), and liposomes (-0.0649). This study highlights the optimal choice of NPs as an intelligent drug delivery system that facilitates therapeutic efficiency, where cancer cells are accurately targeted to enhance treatment quality and patient safety.