Transactivation of SOX5 by Brachyury promotes breast cancer bone metastasis

Abstract

The bone marrow has been long known to host a unique environment amenable to colonization by metastasizing tumor cells. Yet, the underlying molecular interactions which give rise to the high incidence of bone metastasis (BM) in breast cancer patients have long remained uncharacterized. In our study, in vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated that Brachyury (Bry) could promote breast cancer BM. Bry drives epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and promotes breast cancer aggressiveness. As an EMT driver, SOX5 involves in breast cancer metastasis and the specific function in BM. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays revealed SOX5 is a direct downstream target gene of Bry. ChIP analysis and reporter assays identified two Bry-binding motifs; one consistent with the classic conserved binding sequence and the other a new motif sequence. This study demonstrates for the first time that Bry promotes breast cancer cells BM through activating SOX5. In clinical practice, targeting the Bry-Sox5-EMT pathway is evolving into a promising avenue for the prevention of bone metastatic relapse, therapeutic resistance and other aspects of breast cancer progression.