Transgenic Bt maize in South-and Central America: the pros and cons

Abstract

The official authorization for planting Bt maize in most Central and South American countries was granted more than 20 years ago. This permission raised concerns, revealed inconsistencies in the information provided to farmers, uncovered unknowns, led to comments, and produced publications, often not scientific. Given the theoretical impact on the environment, economy, and health, the development of fall armyworm resistance, and the research capacity of these countries, the scientific literature is scarce, probably because of the lack of funding and the influence of patent holders and of producers and traders of transgenic maize seeds. This review aimed to debate the benefits and disadvantages of sowing maize hybrids that contain different Cry´s of the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis. The reviewed documents did not provide conclusions. It will take years to determine whether transgenic maize cultivation has provided a benefit for growers and consumers of this plant species, which originated in these areas. However, it was deduced that there is a balance between the benefits and risks of Bt maize cultivation.