Indeks Sosio-ekonomi Menggunakan Principal Component Analysis

  • Ariawan I
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Abstract

In household survey, we could measure socio-economic status through income, expenditure and ownership of valuable goods. Measuring income and ex- penditure in developing countries has many weaknesses, therefore many researchers prefer to use the ownership of valuable goods as proxy of socio-eco- nomic status. Using ownership of valuable goods as proxy indicator creates another problem of having many variables for the socio-economic proxy. To show how to simplify many variables of ownership of valuable goods into 1 socio-economic index. Using prinicpal component analysis with Stata. Using Indonesia Demographic & Health Survey 2002-2003 data, 7 binomial variables of ownership of valuable goods and 3 ordinal variables of housing condition to construct socio-economic indices using principal component analysis (PCA), tetrachoric and polychoric correlation.We used Stata to construct the socio-economic in- dex. Correlation matrices were derived using tetrachoric command for tetrachoric correlation and polychoric command for polychoric correlation. Two socio- economic indices were constructed, 1 index was based only on 7 binomial variables of ownership of valuable goods and 1 index was based on 7 binomial variables of ownership of valuable goods and 3 ordinal variables of housing conditions. PCA was used to construct those 2 indices. In 7 variables model, the socio-economic index could explain 57% variance and in 10 variables model, the socio-economic index could explain 54% variance. We also showed the use of xtile command to regroup the subjects based on quintile of socio-economic indices. PCA, tetrachoric and polychoric correlation could be used to con- struct socio-economic indices based on information of ownership of valueable goods and housing conditions.Key words: Socio-economic indices, principal component analysis, tetrachoric correlation, polychoric correlation.Pada penelitian survei, kita dapat mengukur tingkat status sosio-ekonomi rumah tangga melalui pemasukan, pengeluaran dan kepemilikan barang-barang berharga. Penggunaan variabel pemasukan dan pengeluaran di negara berkembang memiliki banyak kelemahan, sehingga banyak peneliti lebih suka meng- gunakan variabel kepemilikan barang berharga untuk mengukur status sosio-ekpnomi. Namun, penggunaan variabel kepemilikan barang berharga menim- bulkan masalah lain, yaitu banyaknya variabel untuk mengukur status sosio-ekonomi. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah menyederhanakan banyak variabel kepemi- likan barang berharga menjadi 1 indeks sosio-ekonomi. Data yang digunakan adalah data Survei Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia 2002-2003 yang memili- ki 7 variabel binomial tentang kepemilikan barang berharga dan 3 variabel ordinal tentang keadaan rumah untuk membuat indeks sosio-ekonomi. Indeks diben- tuk dengan menggunakan principal component analysis (PCA), korelasi tetrakorik dan polikorik. Kami memperlihatkan bagaimana membuat indeks sosio- ekonomi dengan bantuan perangkat lunak Stata. Matriks korelasi tetrakorik dibentuk dengan perintah tetrachoric dan matriks korelasi polikorik dibentuk den- gan perintah polychoric. Dua indeks sosio-ekonomi dibentuk, 1 indeks berdasarkan 7 variabel binomial kepemilikan barang berharga dan 1 indeks lagi berdasarkan ke 7 variabel binomial tersebut ditambah 3 variabel ordinal kondisi rumah. Kedua indeks dibentuk dengan prosedur PCA. Pada model 7 vari- abel binomial, indeks yang terbentuk dapat menjelaskan 57% varians kepemilikan barang berharga dan pada model 7 variabel binomial ditambah 3 variabel ordinal, indeks dapat menjelaskan 54% varians kepemilikan barang berharga dan kondisi rumah. Kami juga memperlihatkan penggunaan perintah xtile un- tuk membagi subyek penelitian menurut kuintil indeks sosio-ekonomi. PCA, korrelasi tetrakorik dan polikorik dapat digunakan untuk membentuk indeks so- sio-ekonomi berdasarakan informasi tentang kepemilikan barang berharga dan kondisi rumah.Kata kunci: indeks sosio-ekonomi, principal component analysis, korelasi tetrakorik, korelasi polikorik.

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APA

Ariawan, I. (2006). Indeks Sosio-ekonomi Menggunakan Principal Component Analysis. Kesmas: National Public Health Journal, 1(2), 83. https://doi.org/10.21109/kesmas.v1i2.317

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