Novel immunogenomic insights of corona virus disease (COVID-19): Available potential immunotherapeutics, current challenges, immune cell recognition and ongoing managerial strategies

Abstract

The emerging Corona virus strain (severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)) harbors intricate pathogenicity in the development of corona virus infection (COVID-19)-induced pneumonia and subsequently ameliorates lung infection. Genome sequence and phylogenetic interventions reveal proximal resemblance of corona virus strain COVID-19 with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), transmittable to bats, suggesting similar primary hosts in the spread of infection. However, potential rapid human-to-human transmission has caused therapeutic challenges in treating a wide range of humans suffering from corona virus all over the world. However, up to now, no direct vaccines or antiviral drugs are available to treat COVID-19. Previously designed antiviral drugs and convalescent plasma are undergoing investigations as treatment for COVID-19 infected patients. Therapeutic challenges with regards to COVID-19 have prompted scientists to develop fruitful remedies to combat the pathogen. In this review, we address the role of current ongoing therapeutic strategies, immunogenomics, and complex mechanisms of adaptive immune system (B and T cells) to respond to viruses. Furthermore, we illustrate the current challenges in the treatment of COVID-19, managerial strategies, and ongoing and future perspectives.