Fermented Milk Produced with Goat Milk Enriched with PUFA Omega-3 by Supplementation of Diet with Extruded Linseed

Abstract

This research aimed to evaluate goat milk rich in Omega-3 PUFA from animals fed extruded flaxseed as a raw material to produce fermented milk using beneficial lactobacilli. Experimental fermented milks were produced using Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Shirota and two potential probiotic lactobacilli, namely Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus A2 and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei FS109. The fermented milks were produced using milk from goats fed a basal diet without any supplementation (CON) and milk from goats supplemented with 200 g/d of extruded linseed (LIN). All lactobacilli tested grew well both in CON and LIN milk, reaching high numbers during fermentation. The colony count ranged between 8 and 10 Log CFU/mL, despite slow acidification activity, which occurred especially in milk fermented by L. FS109. By contrast, an undesired post-acidification occurred, more pronounced in CON than in LIN milk, which still highlighted the strong acid-tolerance of L. Shirota and L. rhamnosus A2 in particular. This research showed that goat milk enriched in PUFA had no negative effect on the viability of the tested Lactobacilli. Both values of L. Shirota and L. rhamnosus “live cells” throughout the cold storage of the products were higher than those recommended to guarantee the quality of fermented milk products, making them beneficial to consumers’ health.