The spectrum of iris angiography abnormalities in pseudoexfoliation syndrome

Abstract

Purpose: To analyse the spectrum of angiographic features in patients monolaterally or bilaterally affected by pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PES), with and without glaucoma, and to evaluate the sensibility and specificity of these features in the diagnosis of glaucoma. Methods: Sixty-eight patients affected by PES and 20 healthy subjects underwent iris fluorescein angiography (IFA) and iris indocyanine green angiography (IICGA). Angiographic features analysed were hypoperfusion, microneovascularizations, and anastomotic vessels. Results: There was no statistically significant difference among unaffected, unilaterally affected, and bilaterally affected eyes. Patients affected by PES glaucoma showed a statistically significant difference with respect to the other groups for most of the variables. The results of qualitative variables revealed a gradual increase of the vascular involvement in the different groups. Peripupillary tufts, stromal tufts, and radial arterioles showed the best sensibility and specificity values on IFA, whereas radial arterioles and plexuses showed the highest sensibility and specificity values on IICGA. Considering all the parameters, the results were not associated with large effects on the post-test probability of disease. The values of likelihood ratio indicated that none of the examined variables was sufficiently able to discriminate patients affected by PSE glaucoma from the overall group. Conclusions: Patients clinically affected only monolaterally by PES show microvascular changes, which are similar in both eyes. Glaucoma PES represents a more advanced stage of the disease, with more pronounced alterations, even though no typical microvascular pattern can be identified by iris angiography.