Comparison of hyperbaric oxygen and dapsone therapy for Loxosceles envenomation

Abstract

Objective: To determine whether hyperbaric O2 (HBO), dapsone, or HBO plus dapsone affects lesion size in a swine model of Loxosceles envenomation. Methods: In a randomized controlled animal laboratory experiment, 32 piglets were assigned to 1 of 4 equal groups. Each piglet received 15 μL of purified venom intradermally on day zero. Group 1 received no treatment; group 2 received HBO at 2 atm for 2 hours on days 1- 3; group 3 received 50 mg of dapsone orally on days 1-3; and group 4 received dapsone 50 mg orally and HBO at 2 atm for 2 hours on days 13. On days 1-7, 14, and 21, an investigator blinded to the treatment groups measured necrosis and induration. Mean necrosis and induration rates were compared using analysis of variance for repeated measures. Results: Comparing groups on any day, no significant difference was noted in necrosis, induration, reduction in necrosis from day 1, or rate of change in lesion size from days 1-7. A difference was seen in the reduction of induration between all 3 treatment groups and the control group on days 7 and 14 only. The sample size permitted a power of 0.8 to detect a 12-mm mean change in lesion size. Conclusion: Compared with the control, neither dapsone, HBO, nor the combination of dapsone and HBO reduced necrosis from Loxosceles envenomation on days 3-21. An increase was seen in the rate of reduction in induration between all 3 treatment groups and the control group on days 7-21. However, the magnitude of this effect was clinically insignificant. In this animal model, treatment with either dapsone or HBO or a combination offers little clinical benefit in Loxosceles envenomation.