Possible Synergistic Role of Cowpea Isoflavones and Vitamin D Combo in the Bone Formation of MG-63 Osteoblasts

Abstract

Osteoporosis is a major public threat next to diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In the wake of gravity of osteoporotic morbidity, traditional therapies in the form of diet with fewer side effects are being preferred now days. The present study investigates the efficacy of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) of Fabaceae family, a source of isoflavones along with Vitamin-D in the bone formation of MG-63 human Osteosarcoma cell lines, a model to study Osteoblasts. The cells are exposed to different dose concentrations of Daidzein (0.01, 0.1, 1, 2.5, 7.5 and 10 µM), Genestein (0.01, 0.1, 1, C2.5, 7.5 and 10 µM), Vitamin-D (15 to 50 µM), Cow Pea extract (having 18 µM Daidzein: 6 µM Genestein) and in combinations of Daidzein+Genestein (5 to 30 µM) and the combination of all at 12, 24, 36, 48 hrs respectively. Biochemical parameters like Osteocalcin activity, Alkaline phosphatase and Acid phosphatase activity assays, Intracellular calcium and reactive oxygen species levels were measured. Antioxidant activity of the enzymes like Catalase, Superoxide dismutase, Malonaldehyde, Vitamin C, and Gluthathione reductase were also tested. The results indicated that the cell proliferation of the exposed groups increased when compared with their respective controls. Similarly, antioxidant activity of the enzymes like Catalase, Superoxide dismutase, Gluthathione reductase, Vitamin C and biochemical parameters like Osteocalcin activity, Alkaline phosphatase and Intracellular calcium levels showed a significant increase in their activities in the exposed groups when compared with their respective controls. In contrast, the exposed groups showed a decrease in Reactive oxygen species, Acid phosphatase and Malonaldehyde activity with respect to their controls. Thus, all different parameters through different approaches showed the stimulating effects of Cowpea isoflavones along with the vitamin D on bone formation.