Morphology and Ecological Setting of the Basal Echinoid Genus Rhenechinus from the Early Devonian of Spain and Germany

Abstract

Based on newmaterial from Germany and Spain, the echinoid "Lepidocentrus" ibericus from the Early Devonian (Emsian) of northern Spain is shown to be congenericwith Rhenechinus from the Hunsrück Slate of south-western Germany. New information on the lantern, pedicellariae and internal structure of the theca is provided, and confirms this genus as amember of the Echinocystitidae - Proterocidaridae clade and the most primitive of all Devonian echinoids. The two environmental settings in which Rhenechinus is found are very different: the Spanish specimens come from a relatively shallow - water bryozoan meadow setting while the German specimens are preserved in a deep-water setting.We deduce that the rare echinoid specimens from the Hunsrück Slate are all allochthonous, whereas the Spanish material is preserved in situ. Copyright © 2013 A.B. Smith et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.