Faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian presbikusis di rumah sakit Dr Kariadi Semarang

Abstract

Background: Age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and smoking could be expected to affect the incidence of presbycusis. There is no data on risk factors of presbycusis in Dr. Kariadi Hospital Semarang. Purpose: To analyze how age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus. hypercholesterolemia, and smoking affect the incidence of presbycusis in Dr. Kariadi Hospital Semarang. Methods: Analytic case-control study on 90 elderly subjects in Geriatry clinic, Kariadi Hospital Semarang from April to June 2011. Basic data and risk factors were taken from medical records. Otoscopy examination performed followed by audiometry and timpanometry tests. Presbycusis was determined if the timpanogram was type-A and the audiogram symmetric bilateral SNHL. Statistical analysis by Chi square test, OR and logistic regression. Results: Obtained 45 subjects presbycusis (+) and 45 subjects presbycusis (-), most presbycusis subjects were in the age <75 years, which were 29 (32.2%). Age found affected the incidence of presbycusis (p = 0.030, OR = 2.995, CI = 1.090 to 8.233), hypertension found affected the incidence of presbycusis (p = 0.018, OR = 2.813, CI = 1.177 to 6.721). Diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and smoking habits found had no effect on the incidence of presbycusis. Conclusion: Age and hypertension alone or combined were found to affect the incidence of presbycusis. Diabetes mellitus,  hypercholesterolemia, and smoking were not affecting the incidence of presbycusis. Key words: Presbycusis, risk factors, elderly patients, hypertension.   Abstrak :  Latar belakang: Faktor risiko usia, hipertensi, diabetes melitus, hiperkolesterol dan kebiasaan merokok diduga dapat berpengaruh terhadap kejadian presbikusis. Belum terdapat data mengenai faktor risiko presbikusis di RSUP Dr.Kariadi, Semarang. Tujuan: menganalisis bagaimana pengaruh faktor usia, hipertensi, diabetes melitus (DM), hiperkolesterol, dan kebiasaan merokok terhadap kejadian presbikusis di RSUP DR. Kariadi Semarang. Metode: Penelitian analitik pada 45 kasus dan 45 kontrol pada subyek usia lanjut di klinik Geritatri RSUP Dr. Kariadi, Semarang pada periode April-Juni 2011. Data dasar  dan faktor risiko diambil dari rekam medik. Dilakukan pemeriksaan otoskopi dan audiotimpanometri.  Presbikusis bila gambaran timpanogram tipe A dan audiogram kurang pendengaran sensorineural simetris bilateral. Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan Uji Chi square, OR dan regresi logistik. Hasil: Didapatkan 45 subyek presbikusis(+) dan 45 subyek presbikusis(-), usia terbanyak yang menderita presbikusis <75 tahun sebanyak 29 (32,2%). Usia berpengaruh terhadap kejadian presbikusis (p=0,030, OR=2,995, CI=1,090–8,233), hipertensi berpengaruh terhadap kejadian presbikusis (p=0,018, OR=2,813, CI=1,177– 6,721). Diabetes melitus, hiperkolesterol, dan kebiasaan merokok tidak berpengaruh terhadap kejadian presbikusis. Kesimpulan: Usia, hipertensi secara sendiri sendiri atau bersama-sama berpengaruh terhadap kejadian presbikusis. Diabetes mellitus, hiperkolesterol, dan kebiasaan merokok tidak berpengaruh  terhadap kejadian presbikusis. Kata kunci : Presbikusis, faktor risiko, usia lanjut, hipertensi.