The prognostic impact of t(11;14) in multiple myeloma: A real‐world analysis from the Australian Lymphoma Leukaemia Group (ALLG) and the Australian Myeloma and Related Diseases Registry (MRDR)

Abstract

The prognostic impact of t(11;14) in multiple myeloma (MM) needs to be better understood to inform future treatment decisions. The Australian Lymphoma Leukaemia Group embarked on a retrospective, observational cohort study using real‐world data to interrogate treatment patterns and outcomes in 74 MM patients with t(11;14) [t(11;14)‐MM] diagnosed over 10 years. This was compared to 159 and 111 MM patients with high‐risk IgH translocations (IgH HR‐MM) and hyperdiploidy (Hyperdiploid‐MM), respectively, from the Australian Myeloma and Related Diseases Registry. No appreciable differences in age, gender, ISS, LDH levels, 1q21 or del(17p) status, or treatment patterns were observed between groups. Median PFS‐1 was not different between groups but both t(11;14)‐MM and IgH HR‐MM had an inferior PFS‐2 vs. Hyperdiploid‐MM: median PFS–2 8.2 months, 10.0 months, and 19.8 months ( p  = 0.002), respectively. The 3‐year OS were 69%, 71%, and 82% ( p  = 0.026), respectively. In the t(11;14)‐MM group, gain or amplification of 1q21 at diagnosis predicted for poorer OS (HR 3.46, p  = 0.002). Eleven patients had received venetoclax with 45% achieving better than a very good partial response. Results suggest that t(11;14) MM may confer an unfavorable risk profile and that the use of targeted therapies such as venetoclax earlier in the treatment algorithm should be explored.