Domestic Cooking Affects the Prebiotic Performances of Chinese Yam

Abstract

The appropriate domestic cooking methods can retain and protect the biological properties of foods well. Thus, the objective of this study was to unravel the effect of different cooking methods on the microbiota modulatory properties of yam and their non-starch polysaccharides by an in vitro simulated digestion and fermentation model. The results showed that different cooking processes led to different changes in polysaccharide content. The polysaccharide content of yam increased by 21.3~108.2% or decreased by 12.0% compared with that of raw yam. Additionally, the soluble polysaccharides contents in all cooked yam samples significantly increased by 16.85~119.97% after in vitro digestion. The regulation of whole-yam digesta on gut microbiota was partly related with yam polysaccharides. Both yam and yam polysaccharide fermentation appeared to promote beneficial bacteria, such as Bifidobacteria, Bacteroides spp. and Megasphaera and suppressed bacterial pathogens such as Ruminococcusforques and Escherichia-Shigella. Household cooking significantly influenced the prebiotic performances of yam and yam polysaccharides by changing the heat-sensitive microbial substrates and their physiology properties. According to our results, normal-pressure steaming and normal-pressure boiling processes can retain the microbiota modulatory effects of Chinese yam.