Relation between beliefs measured in the Control, Agency, and Means-Ends interview (CAMI) and learning behavior : Beliefs in effort and strategy

Abstract

In the present study, the Control, Agency, and Means-Ends Interview (CAMI ; Skinner, Chapman, & Baltes, 1988a, 1988b), which consists of 3 beliefs: Control, Agency, and Means-Ends beliefs, was expanded by the addition of "strategy" for new beliefs, and the relations between the Interview results and learning behaviors (self-regulated learning strategies, persistence in learning, and course choice) were investigated. The factor analysis structure revealed a distinction between "effort" and "strategy". Structural equation modeling indicated that Agency beliefs for effort influenced cognitive strategies and course choice, whereas Agency beliefs for strategy influenced meta-cognitive strategies and persistence in learning. Furthermore, Means-Ends beliefs for effort influenced cognitive strategies and persistence in learning. However, Means-Ends beliefs for strategy did not influence learning behaviors. The distinction between beliefs in "effort" and "strategy" was also observed based on the relations between the Interview results and learning behaviors. The present results suggest the importance of adding beliefs in "strategy" to the Control, Agency, and Means-Ends Interview.