Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Reducing Agents of Ocimum lamiifolium Leaves for the Application of Anti-Bacterial Activity

Abstract

This study aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using an eco-friendly method with Ocimum lamiifolium leaf extract as a natural reducing agent. The research examined how different conditions affected nanoparticle stability and size. Characterization techniques included XRD, SEM, FTIR, UV-vis spectroscopy, particle size analysis, PDI, and zeta potential. A color change from colorless to grey indicated successful reduction of Ag+ to Ag°. UV-vis spectra showed a peak at 467 nm, confirming nanoparticle formation. The average size was 65 nm with a PDI of 0.241, indicating uniformity, and the zeta potential was −13.4 mV, suggesting good stability. The functional groups of phytochemicals involved in reduction and stabilization were identified by FTIR analysis. A face-cantered cubic crystalline structure was verified by XRD. Higher AgNPs concentrations resulted in larger zones of inhibition in antibacterial tests against E. coli, ranging from 4 mm to 15.45 mm. Reduction, stabilization, membrane rupture, ROS generation, and bacterial cell death were all steps in the green synthesis process. Overall, the stability and antibacterial activity of AgNPs made with Ocimum lamiifolium extract were outstanding, highlighting the potential of plant-based approaches for biomedical applications.