Potential of polypropylene nanocomposite reinforced with cellulose nanofiber from oil palm empty fruit bunch as sustainable packaging: A review

Abstract

Sustainable packaging focuses on the production of packaging that promotes environmental, social, and economic health. The use of thermoplastic such as polypropylene (PP) in packaging has raised concern about environmental impact, so research needed to identify alternative sustainable packaging materials to reduce the environmental impact. Cellulose Nanofiber (CNF) has been considered sustainable packaging material due to its low weight, high strength, high abundance, rigidity, and biodegradability. Therefore, CNF from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) is the potential additional raw material for developing sustainable packaging. CNF can be used as additional raw material to reinforce the PP matrix, called a polypropylene nanocomposite (PPNC). However, limited research has focused on CNF preparation for PPNC production. Therefore, this review is to explain the potential PPNC reinforced with CNF from OPEFB as sustainable packaging.