Seasonal Prevalence of Malaria in Tribal Mandals of Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh, India

Abstract

The occurrence of malaria in Nigeria is highly prevalent, most especially in Minna, Niger State. This study was carried out to determine the entomological and parasitological indices of malaria transmission in two communities, namely, Tungangoro and Gbaiko in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria. Collection of the mosquito was carried out using the Pyrethrum Spray Catch (PSC). The population's indoors were sampled by spreading on the floor for mosquito collection. White sheet of 5m x 5m each edge being held to the wall by a masking tape. The room was sprayed with pyrethroid insecticide (Baygon) and then left for 10 minutes, with every opening being shut. Out of the total number (742) of mosquitoes collected Anopheles species had a relative abundance of 456 (61.50%) with 273 (59.90%) females and 183 (40.10%) males. Culex species had a relative abundance of 286 (38.50%) out of which 155 (54.20%) were females and 131 (45.80%) were males. At both study locations Anopheles species were greater in number compared to Culex species. Out of the 365 female Anopheles mosquitoes dissected for parity, 211 (67.00%) were parous, while 104 (33.00%) were nulliparous. Out of 445 blood samples examined for malaria parasite 315 (70.80%) were positive while 130 (29.20%) were negative. There was a significant difference in the distribution of mosquito vectors and malaria parasites in the two study areas (p<0.05) using chi-square test. This study therefore will be useful as a baseline data to help in designing strategies for the control of mosquito-borne diseases in Minna and its environs.