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Study design II. Issues of chance, bias, confounding and contamination.

Evidence-based dentistry (2005) 6(4) 102-103
DOI: 10.1038/sj.ebd.6400356
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Abstract

In the first article in the series I explained the importance of study design and gave an overview of the main types of design. Here, I describe the ways in which the results of a study may deviate from the truth and the measures that can be taken to help minimise this when designing a study.

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Levin, K. A. (2005). Study design II. Issues of chance, bias, confounding and contamination. Evidence-Based Dentistry, 6(4), 102–103. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ebd.6400356

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