ANP and BNP plasma levels in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis after percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty

Abstract

Introduction: Atrial (ANP) and B-type (BNP) natriuretic peptides are hormones secreted by the heart as a response to volume expansion and pressure overload. Aim: To assess the changes of ANP and BNP after percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV) and to investigate factors associated with endpoints. Material and methods: The study included 96 patients (90.7% females, age 51.6 ±12.2 years) with rheumatic mitral valve stenosis (mitral valve area (MVA) 1.18 (1.01-1.33) cm2, mean mitral gradient (MMG) 8.2 (7.1-9.2) mm Hg, NYHA 2.09 (1.9-2.5)). Patients were followed up for 29.1 months for the search of endpoints. Results: The PBMV was successful in all cases. After the procedure MVA increased (1.18-1.78 cm2, p < 0.01) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) decreased (29.8-21.8 mm Hg, p < 0.01). Concentration of ANP significantly rose 30 min after the PBMV (79.2 vs. 134.2 pg/ml, p = 0.012) and dropped significantly after 24 h (134.2 vs. 70.4 pg/ml, p = 0.01). Furthermore, after 36 months concentration of ANP did not differ from the baseline value (p = NS). BNP concentration at day 1 was lower than at baseline (94.5 vs. 80.2 pg/ml, p = 0.032). Moreover, during the follow-up period BNP continued to fall at all time points. In univariate analysis parameters associated with endpoint occurrence were baseline PAP (p = 0.023), baseline PCWP (p = 0.022), baseline NYHA (p = 0.041) and increase in 6-minute walk test (6MWT) (p = 0.043). In multivariate analysis the only factor associated with endpoint occurrence was baseline NYHA (HR = 1.52, 95% CI:-1.3-1.91, p = 0.022). Conclusions: Patients with MS had increased levels of both BNP and ANP. Baseline NYHA class was found to be associated with outcomes after the procedure.