Aspectos éticos e o uso de produtos fluorados na visão de lideranças de saúde

Abstract

Fluoride has been used in the prevention of dental caries, especially in drinking water and toothpaste. An undesirable effect, mild fluorosis, has raised concerns among experts. This paper describes the perceptions of the delegates at the 13th Brazilian National Health Conference concerning ethical issues related to the use of substances and fluorinated products. We conducted exploratory, descriptive study with a qualitative approach, using as processing technique testimonials the Collective Subject Discourse (CSD). The study population was defined by convenience, and the choice criterion was attending the conference as a delegate. In all, there were 310 respondents. Data were collected through semi-structured questionnaires and analyzed by discourse analysis. In the speeches of participants, there were ethical aspects related to the lack of freedom of choice, the lack of information available to users on fluorinated products and the control of fluoride levels in these products. Also there were people who believed that the cost-effectiveness of fluoridation outweighs any ethical aspect that may be present. Ethical issues are often seen by the research participants as something unknown or complex. There is the belief that the general population is unprepared to discuss it properly, as this is best understood by managers and health professionals. There was no consensus as to the presence or absence of ethical factors in the use of fluorinated products.