Early gamma interferon mRNA expression is associated with resistance of mice against Yersinia enterocolitica

Abstract

T cells in cooperation with macrophages play an important role in resolution of primary Yersinia enterocolitica infection in mice. Previous work from this laboratory demonstrated that gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) are essential mediators of these processes. In an attempt to elucidate early mechanisms of resistance, we investigated cytokine mRNA production, including that for interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, after primary as well as secondary Y. enterocolitica infection in Yersinia-susceptible BALB/c mice and Yersinia-resistant C57BL/6 mice. In both strains of mice, proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were expressed rapidly and to comparable degrees, while IFN-γ expression was enhanced two- to eightfold in C57BL/6 mice, as revealed by semiquantitative reverse transcription PCR. Similar results were found in both mouse strains after secondary Y. enterocolitica infection, IL-2 mRNA was detected only during secondary infection and disappeared rapidly in BALB/c mice. IL-4 mRNA expression was detectable in C57BL/6 but not BALB/c mice. The levels of cytokine mRNA expression correlated closely with the number of injected bacteria. The findings reported here support the hypothesis that early and enhanced production of IFN-γ may be associated with a state of heightened resistance against Y. enterocolitica infection.