Empowering families intervention and elderly groups to reduce the anxiety levels of elderly with diabetes mellitus in Indonesia

Abstract

Optimal care for elderly individuals with diabetes mellitus requires the involvement of both family members and elderly groups. This research investigated the impact of empowering elderly caregivers and families to provide independent care for individuals with diabetes mellitus and decrease their anxiety levels. The study utilized a quasi-experimental design with a comparison group design involving intervention and comparison groups comprising 128 elderly individuals and 128 families. The HARS questionnaire and researchers' family capability questions were used in a two-month intervention aimed at assisting elderly people with diabetes mellitus to manage their anxiety levels independently. Families in independent care received weekly assistance from elderly individuals and nurses. The intervention given to the elderly and their families in the intervention group was an elderly and family empowerment program for caring for elderly patients with diabetes mellitus. Following the intervention, a post-test was administered to respondents to assess their anxiety levels using the HARS questionnaire, which was analyzed using both independent and dependent T tests. The intervention significantly improved the family's knowledge, attitudes, and skills in caring for the elderly (p = 0.001). The intervention group showed a significant decrease in anxiety levels, as indicated by a p-value of 0.003. In conclusion, empowering families and the elderly group enhances their ability to care for elderly people with diabetes mellitus independently at home and reduces their anxiety levels. This study emphasizes the significance of education and support for families and elderly caregivers in enhancing their caregiving abilities, improving outcomes, and reducing anxiety.