One-dimensional lead-free perovskite single crystals with high X-ray response grown by liquid phase diffusion

Abstract

Organic-inorganic hybrid bismuth halides, as essential members of the lead-free family, have attracted much attention due to their unique properties. However, the growth of bismuth-based single crystals with potentially low defect density has encountered many challenges, such as intractable rapid crystallization, the use of toxic organic solvents, and halide oxidation caused by prolonged heating. Herein, we developed a liquid phase diffusion method to prepare large-sized one-dimensional hybrid bismuth single crystals. Adopting this method, centimeter-sized (1,5-pentanediamine)BiI5 single crystals were harvested, which possess a hole trap density as low as 1.31 × 109 cm−3 and a carrier mobility reaching 28.2 cm2 V−1 s−1. The X-ray detectors based on (1,5-pentanediamine)BiI5 single crystals exhibit a sensitivity value of 8120 μC Gyair−1 cm−2 at −80 V. This work provided a new strategy for the growth of bismuth-based perovskite single crystals and inspired the growth of other hybrid perovskite materials.