Pola Penyakit Degeneratif, Tingkat Kepuasan Kesehatan dan Kualitas Hidup pada Lansia (Lanjut Usia) di Kota Medan

Abstract

Jumlah penduduk usia diatas 60 tahun diperkirakan akan terus meningkat, pada tahun 2025 diperkirakan mencapai jumlah 36 juta. Peningkatan populasi lansia ini diikuti oleh peningkatan risiko untuk menderita penyakit degeneratif yang dapat mempengaruhi status kesehatan dan kualitas hidup lansia. Penelitian cross sectional study pada 100 orang lansia yang diambil dengan teknik consecutive sampling ini, untuk menilai pola penyakit degeneratif melalui pemeriksaan skrining dan menilai tingkat kepuasan serta kualitas hidup lansia berdasarkan kuesioner kualitas hidup WHO WHOQoL-BREF. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Posyandu Lansia di Kecamatan Medan Amplas. Penyakit yang dijumpai pada lansia menunjukkan lansia mengalami hipertensi sebanyak 69%, hipercholesterolemia 55%, diabetes mellitus 20%, hiperurisemia 20% dan proteinuria 13%. Di masa usia lanjut ini berbagai penyakit dapat mengenai lansia, 16% lansia mengidap paling sedikit 3 jenis penyakit, 31% lansia mengidap 2 jenis penyakit dan 33% lansia yang hanya terkena 1 jenis penyakit. Meskipun demikian, tingkat kepuasan mereka terhadap kesehatannya cukup baik, dimana hanya 21% yang menyatakan kurang puas dengan kesehatannya. Penilaian kualitas hidup secara umum, 63% lansia menyatakan kualitas hidupnya biasa-biasa saja, 28% lansia merasa kualitas hidupnya baik dan hanya 8% yang menyatakan kualitas hidupnya buruk. Umumnya lansia mengalami hipercholeterolemia dan hipertensi, dan paling sedikit rata-rata lansia mengidap 2-3 jenis penyakit degeneratif, meskipun demikian mayoritas lansia menyatakan kualitas hidupnya relatif baik. Kelompok lansia merupakan kelompok yang berisiko untuk mengalami penyakit degeneratif. Untuk itu diperlukan upaya promotif dan preventif untuk meningkatkan kesadaran lansia dalam mengantisipasi penyakit tersebut. The number of people aged over 60 years is projected to grow and estimated to reach 36 million in 2025. The increase in the elderly population is associated with the increase of risk of suffering from degenerative disease that can affect the health status and quality of life of the elderly. A cross-sectional study of 100 elderly was taken with consecutive sampling technique to assess the patterns of degenerative disease through screening examinations, the level of satisfaction, and quality of life of the elderly based on WHO WHOQoL-BREF quality of life questionnaire. This research was conducted at the Elderly Posyandu (Integrated Health Service Post) in Medan Amplas sub-district. The results showed that 69% of the elderly suffered from hypertension, 55% suffered from hyperlipidemia, 20% suffered from diabetes mellitus, 20%  suffered from hyperuricemia, and 13% suffered from proteinuria. In this advanced age various diseases can affect the elderly, 16% of the elderly suffered from at least 3 types of diseases, 31% of the elderly suffered from 2 types of diseases and 33% of the elderly only suffered from one disease. Nevertheless, their levels of satisfaction with their health were quite good. 21% of the elderly were not satisfied with their health. The assessment of quality of life in general showed that 63% of the elderly stated that their quality of life was mediocre, 28% of the elderly felt that their quality of life was good and only 8% stated that their quality of life was poor. Generally, elderly suffered from hyperlipidemia and hypertension, and the elderly suffered from at least 2-3 types of degenerative joint diseases. However, the majority of elderly stated that their quality of life was relatively good. Because elderly has a high risk of degenerative diseases,it is imperative that  promotive and preventive programs be established to increase the awareness of disease occurence.