Screen device use and common health problems in children and adolescents

Abstract

Children are exposed to screen devices from early developmental stages and use them increasingly often as they grow. Screen time has reached unprecedented levels in paediatric population, raising concerns about whether it holds potential for harm. Additionally, a growing number of scholars suggest that different patterns of screen device use may be even more important for well-being than the duration of use itself. In this paper, we summarise the current state of the ongoing debate regarding common paediatric problems and their possible relationships with screen media use. Sleep disorders, obesity, musculoskeletal symptoms, vision problems, cognitive dysfunctions, as well as mood and behavioural disorders are discussed. Most evidence supporting the relationship between health problems and new technologies comes from cross-sectional studies that do not warrant inferences as to the direction of causality. Hence, our aim was to present various aspects of the discussed problems rather than to reach final conclusions. Currently, experts throughout the world agree that parents should guide, supervise and limit children's screen time before the age of 5 years. As children grow, more adequate approach would be to provide guidance and help if needed. Regardless of age, following general principles for raising children in the digital era might prevent health complications.