Transcultural adaptation in translating measurement instruments: Challenges and learned lessons

Abstract

Purpose: In cross-cultural research, there is a need for standard rules for translating research measurement instruments. This article describes the Reminiscence Functions Scale (RFS) translation process from English into Arabic and the rigorous process followed in translating the scale. The process described can serve as a blueprint for translating research instruments for cross-cultural studies and clinical practice. Method: Six integrated steps were used to establish content and semantic equivalences. Six bilingual professional translators participated in the translation project and utilized the Flaherty 3-point scale to assess and rate the translated RFS. Findings: The difficulties encountered during the study were finding nuanced translation equivalences for Likert scale responses, the translation of phrases and idioms, and logistical issues. Conclusions: Combining translation methods is the ideal choice to achieve robust translation. Implication for Nursing Practice: The proposed translation method for research instruments would assist nurses in appraising prior research's findings, delineating potential effective nursing interventions, and facilitating comparisons of individuals from various cultures and contexts.