Image simulations for gravitational lensing with SKYLENS

Abstract

We present the latest version of the ray-tracing simulation code SKYLENS, which can be used to develop image simulations that reproduce strong lensing observations by any mass distribution with a high level of realism. Improvements of the code with respect to previous versions include the implementation of the multilens plane formalism, the use of denoised source galaxies from the Hubble eXtreme Deep Field, and the simulation of substructures in lensed arcs and images, based on a morphological analysis of bright nearby galaxies. SKYLENS can simulate observations with virtually any telescope. We present examples of space- and ground-based observations of a galaxy cluster through the Wide Field Channel on the Advanced Camera for Surveys of the Hubble Space Telescope, the Near-Infrared Camera of the James Webb Space Telescope, the Wide Field Imager of the Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope, the Hyper Suprime Camera of the Subaru telescope, and the Visible Imaging Channel of the Euclid space mission.