Exploring Suitable Urban Plant Structures for Carbon-Sink Capacities

Abstract

Urban parks, a type of urban green space, help mitigate environmental pollution and climate change by absorbing and storing atmospheric carbon. Optimizing their carbon-sink capacity requires thoughtful plant community design considering multiple factors. This study analyzed South Korean urban parks using QGIS and i-Tree Eco, integrating satellite imagery with field surveys at both spatial and tree scales. Park spaces were classified into six types based on the biotope criteria established in this study. Random forest regression was applied to each type to identify key variables influencing annual carbon sequestration and storage. The relationship between maturity and sequestration was examined for ten dominant tree species, offering insights for plant selection. Higher tree coverage and more deciduous species were linked to efficiency in carbon sequestration and storage. While variable importance varied slightly across biotope types, tree density was most influential for sequestration, and diameter at breast height and age were key for storage. These findings provide integrated insights into short-term sequestration and long-term storage, as well as strategic directions for structuring plant communities in urban ecosystems. The study offers empirical evidence for designing carbon-efficient urban parks, contributing to sustainable landscape strategies.