Extra nodal ENT tuberculosis

Abstract

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) of the head and neck is one of the rarer forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis but still poses a significant clinical and diagnostic challenge. Purpose: The aim of this study is to discuss diagnostic problems of the extra nodal ENT TB and to analyze its epidemiological and clinical specificities. Patients and methods: We report a study of 21 cases of extra-nodal locations of TB managed in the ENT department of the Habib Thamer Hospital of Tunis between 2003 and 2012. Results: The disease affected the nasopharynx in 13 cases, the tonsils in 3 cases and the larynx in 2 cases. The parotid gland, the thyroid gland and the rhinosinus were compromised in one case each. The clinical signs as well as radiology and endoscopy are not specific. Diagnosis was based on histopathological examination. All our patients received anti-tubercular chemotherapy. The evolution was favorable with 12. months average outcome. Conclusion: There are no pathognomonic features indicative of this disease. It is important for otolaryngologists to mention TB as a differential diagnosis in head and neck malignancies and other chronic non infective and infective pathological conditions. Early diagnosis and therapy may prevent needless and risky surgery.