Occurrence and Prediction of Coral Bleaching Based on Ocean Surface Temperature Anomalies and Global Warming in Indonesian Waters

Abstract

This study investigates the locations of coral bleaching events in Indonesia based on the Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly (SSTA) from the 2015-2019 period. SST was downloaded from the satellite with a resolution of 4 km. The method used was the Hotspot Index and Degree Heating Week issued by the National Ocean Atmospheric Administrations (NOAA) through the Coral Reef Watch (CRW) program. Results obtained from the Hotspots index shows that almost all Indonesian waters have the potential to experience coral bleaching and the area that has a high potential is West Sumatra with the Death Index Degree Heating Week reaching 8-12 C - weeks with Alert Level 2 status. an increase in temperature by 1.5 C as a result of global warming, then the area with the most massive death impact was West Sumatra with an increase of 3.82 - 6.32 C - weeks. The relationship between SST anomaly and coral reef mortality is 55 - 56%, so it is a strong relationship category.