Developing a traditional game-based physical education learning model to improve students' physical fitness: content validity

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to develop a physical education learning model based on traditional games. The research method employed was Research and Development (R&D), with the ADDIE model development method. This study included five material experts who are certified physical education teachers. The research is divided into three stages: qualitatively analyzing documents in the form of a review of relevant literature, followed by field observations and interviews that rationalize the problem so that it may be utilized to develop a learning model. Materials and methods: Researchers established a physical education learning model based on traditional games for improving physical fitness and a questionnaire to be presented to experts as an instrument. Results: Researchers validated their findings with five experts using the Delphi technique. The study's findings demonstrate that the overall content validity of each statement item is greater than 0.79, indicating that all statement items fit the criteria. Overall, the average score was 0.96. Conclusion: According to Aiken's validity, the physical education learning model based on traditional games to increase students' physical fitness can be implemented at the elementary school level.