National Integration in Guinea-Bissau since Independence

  • Kohl C
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Abstract

This article explores national integration in Guinea-Bissau since independence in 1974. I argue that the level of national integration is quite strong – despite the ethnic diversity prevalent in the country. As I will show, national integration is due to the ideology and policy of the former independence movement and the early postcolonial state that advocated a national-unity-in-ethnic-diversity-model. Bissau-Guineans know to separate between the state and the nation, a distinction sometimes neglected in analyses. As my findings suggest, Bissau-Guineans victimize their nation while confronting it with the state. A foreign invasion during the 1998-99 Military Conflict fostered national integration even more.

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APA

Kohl, C. (2010). National Integration in Guinea-Bissau since Independence. Cadernos de Estudos Africanos, (20), 85–109. https://doi.org/10.4000/cea.155

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