Proton beam radiation therapy treatment for head and neck cancer

Abstract

Proton beam therapy has gained popularity over recent years. This is likely due to improved affordability; that is, lower cost, and increasing reports on excellent patient-reported outcomes. Protons’ physical properties provide dosimetric advantages over photon therapy due to the unique ability to have little-to-no “exit” dose, potentially translating to reduced toxicities and improved patient quality of life. The increased delivery of proton beam therapy to treat numerous head and neck cancers, including oropharynx, nasopharynx, sinonasal, in the re-irradiation setting, and unilateral malignancies, has led to more studies elucidating the clinical risks and benefits. In this review, we aim to summarize the recent literature on proton beam therapy utilization in head and neck cancer. In addition, we discuss the process of treatment and planning, clinical treatment toxicities and outcomes, limitations, and future directions.