GAMBARAN FUNGSI KOGNITIF BERDASARKAN KARAKTERISTIK LANSIA YANG TINGGAL DI KOMUNITAS

  • Mardiana K
  • Sugiharto
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Abstract

Latar Belakang: Aging Process atau proses menua dapat berdampak terhadap terjadinya penurunan kemampuan biologis, psikologis dan sosiologis. secara bilogis, lansia dapat mengalami penurunan sistem saraf pusat berupa melemahnya kemampuan persepsi sensori dan motorik. Sebagai akibatnya, penurunan fungsi kognitif dapat terjadi pada lansia. Penurunan fungsi kognitif tersebut dapat dipengaruhi beberapa faktor diantaranya usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, pekerjaan, pendapatan, status tinggal dan aktivitas sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran fungsi kognitif berdasarkan karakteristik lansia yang tinggal di komunitas. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Untuk pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik total sampling. Sampel pada penelitian ini terdapat 185 lansia yang tinggal di Desa Bugangan. Fungsi kognitif responden diukur menggunakan Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Hasil: Berdasakan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, sebanyak 151 lansia memenuhi syarat dan berkenan menjadi responden pada penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan rata-rata responden berusia 69 tahun (SD = 5.54). Lebih dari separuh responden (57%) berjenis kelamin perempuan. Sebagian besar responden tidak sekolah (65%). Sebanyak 83 responden masih aktif bekerja dengan pendapatan dibawah UMR. Mayoritas responden (90%) tinggal bersama keluarga besar dan 126 responden masih aktif mengikuti kegiatan sosial. 97 responden mengalami penurunan fungsi kognitif yaitu 69 responden ringan, dan 28 berat. Simpulan: Penurunan fungsi kognitif pada lansia dapat terjadi seiring dengan bertambahnya usia, dari penurunan kognitif ringan sampai berat. Perawat komunitas diharapkan dapat memberikan intervensi seperti cognitive stimulation therapy agar dapat meminimalisir terjadinya gangguan fungsi kognitif lansia. Abstract Background: Aging process affects the decrease of biological, psychological and sociological aspects. Biologically, the elderly can experience a decrease in the central nervous system that influences of weakened sensory and motor perception abilities. As a result, cognitive decline can occur in the elderly. The decline in cognitive function can be influenced by several factors including age, gender, education level, occupation, income, residence status and social activities. The study aims to determine the description of cognitive function based on the characteristics of the elderly indwelling-community. Methods: The study applied descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach. Total 185 elder people were recruited to be respondents. Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to assess respondents’ cognitive functions. Results: 151 elder people met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and willing to become respondents in this study. The results showed that the mean of age was 69 years old (SD = 5.54). More than half of the respondents (57%) are female. Most of the respondents were uneducated (65%). There were 83 respondents are still actively working with income below the minimum wage. The majority of respondents (90%) live with extended family and 126 respondents are still actively participating in social activities. 97 respondents experienced a decline in cognitive function, which classified into mild cognitive disfunction (69 respondents) and severe cognitive disfunction (28 respondents). Conclusion: The decline in cognitive function in the elderly can occur in line with age, from mild to severe cognitive decline. Community nurses are strongly recommended to provide cognitive stimulation therapy for elderly to prevent cognitive disorder among them.

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APA

Mardiana, K., & Sugiharto. (2022). GAMBARAN FUNGSI KOGNITIF BERDASARKAN KARAKTERISTIK LANSIA YANG TINGGAL DI KOMUNITAS. Jurnal Ilmiah Keperawatan (Scientific Journal of Nursing), 8(4), 577–584. https://doi.org/10.33023/jikep.v8i4.1283

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