Hematological abnormalities among adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital

Abstract

Objective: Changes in the blood cell function, metabolism, and the coagulation system were associated with diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to determine the magnitude and associated factors of hematological abnormalities in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Methods: A total of 204 medical charts of adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus who registered for follow-up at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital were reviewed from June to August 2021. Data were collected using a structured data extraction checklist. To identify factors associated with hematological abnormalities, both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were done. Statistical significance was defined as a p-value of <0.05. Results: The overall magnitude of leukocytosis and anemia in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus was 76.0% (95% confidence interval: 70.07–81.89) and 30.90% (95% confidence interval: 24.49–37.28), respectively. Neutrophilia and lymphocytosis were the common white blood cell abnormalities detected in 53.43% (95% confidence interval: 46.53–60.33) and 43.63% (95% confidence interval: 36.76–50.49) of the patients, respectively. Besides, thrombocytosis and thrombocytopenia were observed in 5.4% (95% confidence interval: 2.27–8.52) and 10.3% (95% confidence interval: 6.09–14.5) of the patients, respectively. Only being male (adjusted odds ratio = 2.28 (95% confidence interval: 1.46–5.29)) and duration of diabetes mellitus (⩾3 years) (adjusted odds ratio = 8.41 (95% confidence interval: 2.49–28.29)) were significantly associated with anemia and leukocytosis, respectively. Conclusion: Hematological abnormalities, particularly anemia and leukocytosis, are common in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, preventive and control strategies for hematological abnormalities are essential in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus particularly for male and patients with a long duration on diabetes mellitus to reduce the burden and related complications.