Ethical Sufism in Education: Reconstruction of the Concept of Zuhd According to Al-Ghazali and Its Model of Actualization in Pesantren Communities

  • Tarani M
  • Mutohharun Jinan
  • M Shobarin Syakur
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Abstract

Era modern yang ditandai dengan kemajuan teknologi yang pesat, konsumtivisme, hedonisme, dan globalisasi nilai-nilai, telah menyebabkan melemahnya orientasi spiritual dan moral generasi muda. Berbagai studi melaporkan gejala degradasi moral, seperti meningkatnya individualisme, perilaku menyimpang di kalangan remaja, terbukanya akses terhadap konten negatif, dan krisis kejujuran serta integritas di lingkungan pendidikan dan profesional. Fenomena ini digambarkan sebagai krisis moral struktural yang terkait dengan paradigma pendidikan yang lebih menekankan capaian kognitif dan kompetensi instrumental dibandingkan dengan pembinaan jiwa dan karakter. Dalam konteks pendidikan Islam, banyak kajian yang menekankan bahwa pendidikan karakter tidak akan efektif tanpa dasar etika spiritual dan pembinaan batin (tazkiyatun nafs). Dalam hal ini, tasawwuf akhlaqi, dimensi tasawuf yang berfokus pada pensucian jiwa, pembentukan akhlak, dan pengendalian diri, dipandang sebagai kerangka konseptual dan praktis yang relevan untuk mengatasi krisis moral kontemporer. Salah satu konsep kunci dalam tasawwuf akhlaqi adalah zuhud, yang dalam konteks modern dipandang sebagai solusi terhadap ekses moral seperti materialisme dan konsumerisme. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan secara sistematis landasan teoretis tasawwuf akhlaqi, konsep zuhud, dan kaitannya dengan pendidikan Islam serta pendidikan karakter. Artikel ini juga membahas bagaimana konsep zuhud dapat direkonstruksi dan diaktualisasikan sebagai solusi etis untuk menghadapi krisis moral di masyarakat modern, serta bagaimana implementasinya dalam praktik pendidikan Islam kontemporer.This article aims to reconstruct and actualize the concept of zuhd within the framework of ethical Sufism (tasawwuf akhlaki) as an ethical solution to the modern moral crisis and to formulate its implementative model in Islamic education. This study is motivated by the fact that the modern and digital era is characterized by the strengthening of materialism, hedonism, and consumerism, which contribute to a structural moral crisis in the educational sphere. Educational paradigms that overly emphasize cognitive–instrumental achievements tend to neglect the cultivation of the soul and character. Using a qualitative method with a library research approach, this study examines various references related to ethical Sufism, zuhd, and Islamic character education. The analysis is conducted through content analysis and thematic analysis to identify conceptual patterns and implementation models. The findings indicate that ethical Sufism, grounded in tazkiyat al-nafs and the formation of character through the stages of takhalli, tahalli, and tajalli, has strong relevance in responding to the contemporary moral crisis. The concept of zuhd is reconstructed not as passive asceticism, but as a proportional ethical ethos that views the world as a means rather than an ultimate goal. Its implementation in Islamic education can be realized through the integration of values such as simplicity, self-control, spiritual habituation, and exemplary conduct within the culture of educational institutions. Thus, ethical Sufism based on the concept of zuhd offers a transformative paradigm that is integrative and contextual in cultivating a generation with integrity, moral resilience, and a transcendental orientation in the modern era.

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APA

Tarani, M. N., Mutohharun Jinan, & M Shobarin Syakur. (2026). Ethical Sufism in Education: Reconstruction of the Concept of Zuhd According to Al-Ghazali and Its Model of Actualization in Pesantren Communities. Jurnal Ilmu Agama: Mengkaji Doktrin, Pemikiran, Dan Fenomena Agama, 27(1), 82–97. https://doi.org/10.19109/jia.v27i1.33470

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