Screening of Colistin-Resistant Bacteria in Domestic Pets from France

Abstract

Background: Pets are the closest animals to humans with a considerable risk of zoonotic transmission. This study aimed to screen colistin-resistant bacteria from stools of dogs and cats from Marseille, France. Screening of mcr genes in pets has never been reported in France. Methods: Fecal samples (n = 157) were cultivated on the selective Lucie-Bardet Jean-Marc-Rolain medium (LBJMR). Bacteria were identified using Microflex LS MALDI-TOF. The antibiotic resistance phenotype was investigated for several antibiotics (β-lactams, aminoside, cephalosporine, tetracycline, and sulfon-amide). PCR techniques were performed to detect mcr genes. Results: A total of 218 bacteria were identified. For cats, intrinsically colistin-resistant bacteria were significantly higher than mcr-1 gene carriers (n = 4). Dogs had more bacteria with the mcr-1 gene (n = 10). Furthermore, cats had a high prevalence of Gram-positive bacteria (GPB), whereas dogs had GNB equal to GPB. The diversity of identified bacteria was due to the constitution of the pets’ microorganisms. Even though colistin use is monitored in France, pets harbor various colistin-resistant bacteria. Additionally, in this geographical area, bacteria bearing mcr-1 gene from dogs and cats were detected for the first time. Conclusions: The current study opens a new perspective: the spread of colistin resistance is independent of colistin use. What are the most factors related to the emergence of colistin resistance? The surveillance of pets must be considered a priority to avoid the spread of mcr genes. It is important to know the contribution that pets make to the pool of multidrug-resistant mcr-1-containing bacteria.